Independent testing includes majorly 5 components as depicted above. Each of the 5 components are further explained below taking the industry frameworks like PMBOK, ITIL, Six Sigma, Lean, Agile, CMMI Services etc.,
Similarly Usage or application of statistics can be grouped into 4 major categories as below.
Below diagram depicts few of the tools/techniques used in each of the above 4 categories.
Below slides shows few of the examples in each of the above categories with the alignment to the testing scenarios/processes/metrics.
Below slides provides few more examples/models that can be applied in actual testing i.e., test case generation, test execution, test planning etc.,